Physical Education and Sports Teachers' Perceptions to Benefit from Web 2.0 Tools in Face-to-face Education after Emergency Remote Teaching Process: A Mixed Method Research

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.7160/eriesj.2025.180101

Keywords:

Mixed method, perceived usefulness of educational technology, physical education and sports teacher, Web 2.0 tools

Abstract

This study aims to explore the perceptions of physical education and sports teachers regarding the use of Web 2.0 tools, which they employed during the COVID-19 emergency remote teaching process, in face-to-face education. A mixed-method approach was utilized, incorporating individual in-depth interviews and a survey administered to physical education and sports teachers working in public schools during the spring semester of the 2021-2022 academic year. The study revealed that teachers generally have a positive attitude toward integrating Web 2.0 tools into face-to-face education, leveraging competencies they developed during the emergency remote teaching process. The findings indicate that teachers’ competencies in utilizing Web 2.0 tools in face-to-face education were at a moderate level. Furthermore, younger teachers, those with postgraduate education, and those who had received prior training on Web 2.0 tools exhibited higher levels of competence. Based on the results, recommendations are provided to further enhance teachers' competency levels and perceptions of Web 2.0 tools.

Author Biographies

Fatma İlker Kerkez, Professor

Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Sport Science Faculty, Department of Physical Education, Muğla, Turkey.

Gülay Manav, Doctoral faculty member

Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Health Science Faculty, Department of Nursing, Muğla, Turkey

References

Akbana, Y. E., Rathert, S. and Ağçam, R. (2021) ‘Emergency remote education in foreign and second language teaching’, Turkish Journal of Education, Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 97–124. http://doi.org/10.19128/turje.865344

Atalmış, S. and Şimşek, G. (2022) ‘Social studies and science teacher’s abilities to use web 2.0 tools’, Journal of Innovative Research in Social Studies, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 1–19. http://doi.org/10.47503/jirss.1039178

Baki, A. and Gökçek, T. (2012) ‘A general overview of mixed method researches’, Electronic Journal of Social Sciences, Vol. 11, No. 42, pp. 1–21. Retrieved from: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/esosder/issue/6156/82721

Barahona, J., Molina-García, J. and Monfort-Pañego, M. (2020) ‘Physical education teachers’ knowledge and educational intentionality in the use of ICT’, Retos, Vol. 38, pp. 497–504. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v38i38.74370

Bozkurt, A. and Sharma, R. C. (2020) ‘Education in normal, new normal, and next normal: Observations from the past, insights from the present and projections for the future’, Asian Journal of Distance Education, Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. i–x. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4362664

Can, S. and Kerkez, F. İ. (2022a) ‘Levels of use of web 2.0 technologies in the emergency remote education process of physical education and sports teachers’, Spormetre The Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Vol. 20, No. 2, pp. 16–27. http://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.1019647

Can, S. and Kerkez, F. İ. (2022b) ‘Investigation of physical education and sports teachers’ use of web 2.0 tools for preparing multimedia materials’, International Sport Science Student Studies, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 82–91. Retrieved from: https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/i4s/issue/74720/1210352

Chen, S. and Xia, Y. (2012) ‘Research on application of multimedia technology in college physical education’, Procedia Engineering, Vol. 29, pp. 4213–4217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2012.01.645

Creswell, J. W. (2003) Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches, 2nd Edition, Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.

Creswell, J. W., Clarck, V. L. P. and Gutmann, M. L., Hanson, W. E. (2003) ‘Advanced mixed methods research designs’, in: Tashakkori, A., Teddlie, C. (ed.), Handbook on Mixed Methods in the Behavioral and Social Sciences. Thousand Oaks, CA:Sage.

Creswell, J. W. and Clark, V. P. (2011) Mixed methods research, 2nd Edition, Los Angeles: SAGE Publications.

Çelik, T. (2020) ‘Web 2.0 tools use competence scale development study’, Pamukkale University Journal of Education, Vol. 51, pp. 449–478 . http://doi.org/10.9779/pauefd.700181

Çetin, M., Yılmaz, S. H. and İlhan, L. (2021) ‘Distance education during coronavirus (covid-19) pandemic; a qualitative research from the perspective of physical education and sports teachers’, Gaziantep University Journal of Sport Science, Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 136–161.

Esentürk, O. K., Seçer, E. and İlhan, E. L. (2021) ‘Distance education experiences of physical education and sports teachers’, Anatolia Sport Research, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 11–25. http://doi.org/10.29228/anatoliasr.12

Eyüp, B. (2022) ‘Examination of Turkish language teachers’ competencies for using Web 2.0 tools’, Inonu University Journal of the Faculty of Education, Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 307–323. http://doi.org/10.17679/inuefd.952051

Feng, G. (2014) ‘Research on the influence of multimedia teaching technology of college physical education teaching’, Advanced Materials Research, Vol. 1044–1045, pp. 1652–1654. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.1044-1045.1652

Filiz, S. and Gökmen, F. (2022) ‘The secondary school teachers’ opinions about experienced during the pandemic process from online training to face-to-face training’, Journal of Research in Education and Society, Vol. 39, No. 2, pp. 297–326. https://doi.org/10.51725/etad.1134572

Godoi, M., Kawashima, L. B. and Gomes, L. D. (2020). ‘We have to reinvent us: teachers and physical education teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic’, Dialogia, 36, pp. 86–101. https://doi.org/10.5585/dialogia.n36.18659

Guest, G., Bunce, A. and Johnson, L. (2006) ‘How many interviews are enough? An experiment with data saturation and variability’, Field Methods: Sage Journals, Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 59–82. http://doi.org/10.1177/1525822X05279903

Gustiawati, R. and Agung Susilo Yuda Irawan, F. (2020) ‘Development of participative evaluation approachatives digital learning (Kahoot) as a strategy of overlaysing equity learning of physical education’, PalArch’s Journal of Archaeology of Egypt/Egyptology, Vol. 1, No. 9, pp. 3648–3660. Retrieved from https://archives.palarch.nl/index.php/jae/article/view/4418

Hatch, J. A. (2002) Doing qualitative research in education settings. Albany: State University of New York Press.

Hernandez, J. N. and Dearcos, C. R. (2022) ‘Challenges of physical education in Venezuela in the framework of covid-19’, Viref-Revista De Educacion Fisica, Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 146–158.

Hodges, C., Moore, S., Lockee, B., Trust, T. and Bond, A. (2020) ‘The difference between emergency remote teaching and online learning’, EDUCAUSE Review. Retrieved from: https://er.educause.edu/articles/2020/3/the-difference-between-emergency-remote-teaching-and-online-learning

Isaqovich, O. A., Olimovich, M. M., Uralovich, T. B., Xolmuradovna, T. S., Ananth T. A. and Kumar, C. (2024) ‘Fitfuturo: Empowering tomorrow’s athletes-A mobile application for future physical education preparation’, Ninth International Conference on Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics (ICONSTEM), pp. 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICONSTEM60960.2024.10568641

İpekli, N. and Titrek, O. (2022) ‘Teachers before and after the covid-19 pandemic analysis of attitudes towards distance education (example of Sakarya)’, Sakarya University Journal of Education Faculty, Vol. 22, No. 1, pp. 29–49. http://doi.org/10.53629/sakaefd.1009972

Jeong, H. C. and So, W. Y. (2020) ‘Difficulties of online physical education classes in middle and high school and an efficient operation plan to address them’, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol. 17, No. 19, pp. 7279. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197279

Jimoyiannis, A. (2015) ‘TPACK 2.0: Towards a framework guiding Web 2.0 integration in educational practice’, in M.S. Khine (ed.) New Directions in Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge Research Multiple Perspectives, pp. 83–108, Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing.

Johnson, R. B. and Onwuegbuzie, A. J. (2004) ‘Mixed methods research: A research paradigm whose time has come’, Educational Researcher, Vol. 33, No. 7, pp. 14–26. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X033007014

Keleş, M. (2022) Investigation of physical education and sports teachers’ attitudes towards technology and educational information network (Master Thesis), Aksaray University, Social Science Institute, Turkey.

Keskin, M. A. and Uğraş, S. (2022) ‘Research of physical education and sports teachers’ self-efficacy in using Web 2.0 tools in the duration of Covıd-19’, Eurasian Research in Sport Science, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 69–89. http://doi.org/10.29228/ERISS.22

Koehler, M. and Mishra, P. (2009) ‘What is technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK)?’, Contemporary issues in technology and teacher education, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 60–70. Retrieved from: https://www.learntechlib.org/primary/p/29544/

Korkmaz (2021) Technology usage levels of physical education and sports teachers in Physical Education and Sports courses: The case of Antalya province (Master Thesis). Uludağ University, Institute of Education Sciences, Turkey.

Kovalevskaya, E., Kolbasova, I. and Mititsina, E. (2021) ‘Digital pedagogical competencies of physical education teachers’, Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference, Vol. 5, pp. 135–144. https://doi.org/10.17770/sie2021vol5.6363

Mayer, R. E. (2002) ‘Multimedia learning. In Psychology of learning and motivation’, Psychology of Learning and Motivation, Vol. 41, pp. 85–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0079-7421(02)80005-6

MNE (2018) Physical education and sports curriculum (grades 5, 6, 7, and 8), [Online], Available: https://mufredat.meb.gov.tr/Dosyalar/2018120201950145-BEDEN%20EGITIMI%20VE%20SPOR%20OGRETIM%20PROGRAM%202018.pdf

MNE (2019) Fatih project (The movement to increase opportunities and improve technology), [Online], Available: https://bursa.meb.gov.tr/fatihprojesi

MNE (2021) The second semester of the 2020-2021 academic year begins with distance and face-to-face education, [Online], Available: https://amasya.meb.gov.tr/www/2020-2021-egitim-ogretim-yili-ikinci-donemi-15-subat-pazartesi-gunu-basliyor/icerik/3379#:~:text=1.,s%C4%B1n%C4%B1flarda%20y%C3%BCz%20y%C3%BCze%20e%C4%9Fitime%20ge%C3%A7ilecektir

Mercier, K., Centeio, E., Garn, A., Erwin, H., Marttinen, R. and Foley, J. (2021) ‘Physical education teachers’ experiences with remote instruction during the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic’, Journal of Teaching in Physical education, Vol. 40, No. 2, pp. 337–342. https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.2020-0272

Miks, J. And McIlwaine, J. (2020) UNICEF. Keeping the world’s children learning through COVID-19, [Online], Available: https://www.unicef.org/coronavirus/keeping-worlds-children-learning-through-covid-19

Osmanovic, J., Maksimovic, J. and Dimitrijevic, M. (2020) ‘Pedagogical, cognitive and methodological aspects of digitalisation in physical education’, Facta Universitatis Series Physical Education and Sport, Vol. 18, No. 3, pp. 649–665. http://doi.org/10.22190/FUPES200729062O

Özcan, B. and Saraç, L. (2020) ‘Teachers’ roles and competencies in online distance learning during the Covid-19 pandemic crisis: A case of physical education teachers’, Journal of National Education, Vol. 49, No. 1, pp. 459–475. http://doi.org/10.37669/milliegitim.787127

Özen, G., Güllü, M. and Uğraş, S. (2016) ‘Physical education and sport teachers’ views on the use of technological tools and equipment in physical education lesson and extracurricular activities’, Gaziantep University Journal of Sport Science, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 24–37. Retrieved from: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/gaunjss/issue/24425/258876

Shim, T. E. and Lee, S. Y. (2020) ‘College students’ experience of emergency remote teaching due to COVID-19’, Children and Youth Services Review, Vol. 119, p. 105578. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105578

Tabachnick, B. G. and Fidell, L. S. (2013) Using Multivariate Statistics, 6th Edition, Boston: Pearson.

Tan, Z. and Li, S. (2009) ‘Multimedia technology in physical education’, 2009 International Symposium on Computer Network and Multimedia Technology, Wuhan, China, pp. 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1109/CNMT.2009.5374649

TEDMEM (2020) Education Evaluation Report, [Online], Available: https://tedmem.org/yayin/2020-egitim-degerlendirme-raporu

TEDMEM (2021) Education Evaluation Report [Online], Available: https://tedmem.org/yayin/2021-egitim-degerlendirme-raporu

Toquero, C., M. (2020) ‘Emergency remote education experiment amid COVID-19 pandemic in learning institutions in the Philippines’, International Journal of Educational Research and Innovation, No. 15, pp. 162–176. https://doi.org/10.46661/ijeri.5113

Tou, N. X., Kee, Y. H., Koh, K. T., Camire, M. and Chow, J. Y. (2019) ‘Singapore teachers’ attitudes towards the use of information and communication technologies in physical education’, European Physical Education Review, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp. 481–494. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356336X19869734

TÜİK (2022) Household Information Technologies (IT) Usage Survey, [Online], Available: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Hanehalki-Bilisim-Teknolojileri-(BT)-Kullanim-Arastirmasi-2022-45587

Uğraş, S. and Aslan, M. (2022) ‘The mediator and moderating role of professional belief in the relationship between physical education teachers’ Web 2.0 content development competence and distance education competencies’, International Journal of Mountaineering and Climbing, Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 52–66. http://doi.org/10.36415/dagcilik.1219243

Uysal Toraman, A. and Kısa, Ö. (2022) ‘Health and safety strategies at schools in the Covid-19 outbreak: Country examples’, Humanistic Perspective, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 466–481. https://doi.org/10.47793/hp.1052005

Ünlü, H., and Süel E. (2014) ‘Computer self-efficacy of prospective physical education teachers’, Journal on Efficiency and Responsibility in Education and Science, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 33–36. http://doi.org/10.7160/eriesj.2014.070202

Varea, V. and González-Calvo, G. (2020) ‘Touchless classes and absent bodies: teaching physical education in times of Covid-19’, Sport, Education and Society, Vol. 26, No. 8, pp. 831–845. https://doi.org/10.1080/13573322.2020.1791814

Yaman, Ç. (2008) ‘The abilities of physical education teachers in educational technologies and multimedia’, Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 20–31. https://doi.org/10.19129/sbad.113

Yıldız, S. and Bektaş, F. (2020) ‘Evaluation of physical education activities broadcasted on EIN tv by views of parents and physical education teachers’, Journal of National Education, Vol. 49, No. 1, pp. 969–987. http://doi.org/10.37669/milliegitim.773737

Wallace, J., Scanlon, D. and Calderón, A. (2022) ‘Digital technology and teacher digital competency in physical education: a holistic view of teacher and student perspectives’, Curriculum Studies in Health and Physical Education, Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 271–287. https://doi.org/10.1080/25742981.2022.2106881

Weeden, K. A. and Cornwell, B. (2020) ‘The small-world network of college classes: implications for epidemic spread on a university campus’, Sociological Science, Vol. 7, pp. 222–241. https://doi.org/10.15195/v7.a9

Additional Files

Published

2025-03-31

How to Cite

Can, S., Kerkez, F. İlker and Manav, G. . (2025) ’Physical Education and Sports Teachers’ Perceptions to Benefit from Web 2.0 Tools in Face-to-face Education after Emergency Remote Teaching Process: A Mixed Method Research’, Journal on Efficiency and Responsibility in Education and Science, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 1–12. https://doi.org/10.7160/eriesj.2025.180101