The Relationship Between Secondary School Teachers and Students’ Readiness of Using Flipped Classroom
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7160/eriesj.2022.150101Keywords:
Being open-minded, Flipped classroom, Secondary school students, Secondary school teachers, Technology self-efficacyAbstract
The emergence of instructional technologies has made inevitable changes in educational settings. The flipped classroom that integrates education with technology has grown in popularity in recent years. This study intends to investigate the relationship between secondary school teachers’ and their students’ flipped classroom readiness. Data were collected through a scale for flipped classroom readiness of teachers and their students. There were 745 participants randomly selected from 5th and 8th grade students and 233 teachers from five different secondary schools in Elazig, Turkey. It is concluded that teachers and students are generally ready to apply this model. Additionally, there is a positive relationship between teachers and their students’ technology self-efficacy. Also, the students whose teachers are open-minded have more positive opinions on the flipped classroom. The study hopes to contribute to the increase in the usage of the flipped classroom in educational settings regarding both teachers’ and their students’ readiness. It has pedagogical implications for teachers to be trained and given more knowledge about the model so that the more the teacher is informed with the flipped classroom the more students can benefit.
References
Akçayır, G., and Akçayır, M. (2018) ‘The flipped classroom: A review of its advantages and challenges’, Computers & Education, Vol. 126, pp. 334–345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2018.07.021
Asef-Vaziri, A. (2015) ‘The flipped classroom of operations management: A not-for-cost-reduction platform’, Decision Sciences Journal of Innovative Education, Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 71–89. https://doi.org/10.1111/dsji.12054
Asogwa, C. E. (2020) ‘Internet-Based Communications: A Threat or Strength to National Security?’, SAGE Open, April-June 2020: 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244020914580
Baker, C. (2012) Flipped Classrooms: Turning learning upside down: trend of “flipping classrooms” helps teachers to personalize education, [Online] Available: http://www.deseretnews.com/article/765616415/Flipped-classrooms-Turning-learning-upside-down.html?pg=all [15 Jan 2020].
Bergmann, J., and Sams, A. (2012) Flip Your Classroom: Reach Every Student in Every Class Every Day, Washington, DC: International Society for Technology in Education.
Bernacki, M. L., Greene, J. A., and Crompton, H. (2020) ‘Mobile technology, learning, and achievement: Advances in understanding and measuring the role of mobile technology in education’, Contemporary Educational Psychology, Vol. 60, pp. 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2019.101827
Bhagat, K. K., Chang, C. N., and Chang, C. Y. (2016) ‘The impact of the flipped classroom on mathematics concept learning in high school’, Educational Technology & Society, Vol. 19, No. 3, pp. 134–142. https://doi.org/10.1037/t21374-000
Blau, I., and Shamir Inbal, T. (2017) ‘Re-designed flipped learning model in an academic course: The role of co-creation and co-regulation’, Computers & Education, Vol. 115, pp. 69–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2017.07.014
Bolat, Y. (2016) ‘The flipped classes and education information network (EIN)’, Journal of Human Sciences, Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 3373–3388. [in Turkish] https://doi.org/10.14687/jhs.v13i2.3952
Bösner, S., Pickert, J., Stilbane, T. (2015) ‘Teaching differential diagnosis in primary care using an inverted classroom approach: student satisfaction and gain in skills and knowledge’, BMC Medical Education, Vol. 15, No. 1. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-015-0346-x
Brooks, A. W. (2014) ‘Information literacy and the flipped classroom: Examining the impact of a one-shot flipped class on student learning and perceptions’, Communications in Information Literacy, Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 225– 235. https://doi.org/10.15760/comminfolit.2014.8.2.168
Chuang, H. H., Weng, C. Y., and Chen, C. H. (2018) ‘Which students benefit most from a flipped classroom approach to language learning?’, British Journal of Educational Technology, Vol. 49, No. 1, pp. 56–68. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12530
Cummins-Sebree, S. E., and White, E. (2014) ‘Using the flipped classroom design: Student impressions and lessons learned’, AURCO Journal, Vol. 20, pp. 50–64.
Davies, R. S., Dean, D. L., and Ball, N. (2013) ‘Flipping the classroom and instructional technology integration in a college-level information systems spreadsheet course’, Educational Technology Research and Development, Vol. 61, No. 4, pp. 563–580. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-013-9305-6
Dikmen, M., and Tuncer, M. (2018) ‘A meta-analysis of effects of computer assisted education on students’ academic achievement: a-10-year review of achievement effect’, Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 97–121. [in Turkish] https://doi.org/10.16949/turkbilmat.334733
Durak, H. Y. (2017) ‘Turkish adaptation of the flipped learning readiness scale for middle school students’, Bartın University Journal of Faculty of Education, Vol. 6, No. 3, pp.1056–1068. [in Turkish] https://doi.org/10.14686/buefad.328826
Evseeva, A., and Solozhenk, A. (2015) ‘Use of flipped classroom technology in language learning, XV International Conference’, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 205–209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.10.006
Filiz, O. and Kurt, A. A. (2015) ‘Flipped learning: Misunderstandings and the truth’, Journal of Educational Sciences Research, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 215–229. http://dx.doi.org/10.12973/jesr.2015.51.13
Findlay-Thompson, S., and Mombourquette, P. (2014) ‘Evaluation of a flipped classroom in an undergraduate business course’, Business Education & Accreditation, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 63–71.
Gannod, G. C., Burge, J. E., and Helmick, M. T. (2008) ‘Using the inverted classroom to teach software engineering’, Proceedings of the 30th international conference on Software engineering, Association for Computing Machinery, Leipzig, pp. 777–786. https://doi.org/10.1145/1368088.1368198
Grover, K., and Stovall, S. (2013) ‘Student-centered teaching through experiential learning and its assessment’, Journal of NACTA, Vol. 57, No. 2, pp. 86–87.
Hao, Y. (2016) ‘Middle school students' flipped learning readiness in foreign language classrooms: Exploring its relationship with personal characteristics and individual circumstances’, Computers in Human Behavior, Vol. 59, pp. 295–303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.01.031
Hung, H. T. (2017) ‘Clickers in the flipped classroom: bring your own device (BYOD) to promote student learning’, Interactive Learning Environments, Vol. 25, No. 8, pp. 983–995. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2016.1240090
Hwang, G. J., Lai, C. L. and Wang, S. Y. (2015) ‘Seamless flipped learning: a mobile technology-enhanced flipped classroom with effective learning strategies’, Journal of Computers in Education, Vol. 2, No. 4, pp. 449–473. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40692-015-0043-0
Johnston, B. M. (2017) ‘Implementing a flipped classroom approach in a university numerical methods mathematics course’, International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology, Vol. 48, No. 4, pp. 485–498. https://doi.org/10.1080/0020739X.2016.1259516
Kong, S. C. (2014) ‘Developing information literacy and critical thinking skills through domain knowledge learning in digital classrooms: An experience of practicing flipped classroom strategy’, Computers & Education, Vol. 78, pp. 160–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2014.05.009
Lage, M. J., Platt, G. J., and Treglia, M. (2000) ‘Inverting the classroom: a gateway to creating an inclusive learning environment’, The Journal of Economic Education, Vol. 31, No. 1, pp. 30–43. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220480009596759
La-Marca, A., and Longo, L. (2017) ‘Addressing student motivation, self-regulation, and engagement in flipped classroom to decrease boredom’, International Journal of Information and Education Technology, Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 230–235. https://doi.org/10.18178/ijiet.2017.7.3.871
Marlowe, C. (2012) The effect of the flipped classroom on student achievement and stress, [Unpublished master’s thesis], Bozeman, MT: Montana State University.
McLaughlin, J. E., Roth, M. T., Glatt, D. M., Gharkholonarehe, N., Davidson, C. A., Griffin, L. M., Esserman, D. A. and Mumper, R. J. (2014) ‘The Flipped Classroom: A course redesign to foster learning and engagement in a health professions school’, Academic Medicine, Vol. 89, No. 2, pp. 236–243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0000000000000086
Mohanty, A., and Parida, D. (2016) ‘Exploring the efficacy & suitability of flipped classroom instruction at school level in India: a pilot study’, Creative Education, Vol. 7, pp. 768–776. https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2016.75079
Moos, D. C. and Bonde, C. (2016) ‘Flipping the classroom: Embedding self-regulated learning prompts in videos’, Technology, Knowledge and Learning, Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 225–242. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10758-015-9269-1
O’Flaherty, J., and Phillips, C. (2015) ‘The use of flipped classrooms in higher education: A scoping review’, The Internet and Higher Education, Vol. 25, pp. 85–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2015.02.002
Prensky, M. (2001) ‘Digital natives, digital immigrants – Part 1’, On the Horizon, Vol. 9, No. 5, pp. 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10748120110424816
Prosser, M., Trigwell, K. and Waterhouse, F. (1999) ‘Relations between teachers' approaches to teaching and students' approaches to learning’, Higher Education, Vol. 37, pp. 57–70. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003548313194
Seaman, G., and Gaines, N. (2013) ‘Leveraging digital learning systems to flip classroom instruction’, Journal of Modern Teacher Quarterly, Vol. 1, pp. 25–27.
Sharples, M., Adams, A., Ferguson, R., Gaved, M., McAndrew, P., Rienties, B., Weller, M. and Whitelock, D. (2014) Innovating Pedagogy 2014, Open University Innovation Report 3. Milton Keynes: The Open University, [Online], Available: http://www.openuniversity.edu/sites/www.openuniversity.edu/files/The_Open_University_Innovating_Pedagogy_2014_0.pdf [22 Apr 2020].
Shih, W. L., and Tsai, C. Y. (2017) ‘Students’ perception of a flipped classroom approach to facilitating online project-based learning in marketing research courses’, Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, Vol. 33, No. 5, pp. 32–49. https://doi.org/10.14742/ajet.2884
Strayer, J. F. (2012) ‘How learning in an inverted classroom influences cooperation, innovation and task orientation’, Learning Environments Research, Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 171–193. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10984-012-9108-4
Strelan, P., Osborn, A., and Palmer, E. (2020) ‘The flipped classroom: A meta-analysis of effects on student performance across disciplines and education levels’, Educational Research Review, Vol. 30, pp. 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2020.100314
Sun, Z., Xie, K., and Anderman, L. H. (2018) ‘The role of self-regulated learning in students' success in flipped undergraduate math courses’, The Internet and Higher Education, Vol. 36, pp. 41–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2017.09.003
Şahin Ş., Ökmen B. and Kılıç A. (2020) ‘Effects of teaching the learning psychology course in different ways on the student’s success and attitudes’, Journal on Efficiency and Responsibility in Education and Science, Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 113–129. http://dx.doi.org/10.7160/eriesj.2020.130302
Şen, E. Ö. and Hava, K. (2020) ‘Prospective middle school mathematics teachers’ points of view on the flipped classroom: The case of Turkey’, Education and Information Technologies, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 3465–3480. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-020-10143-1
Talbert, R. (2012) ‘Learning MATLAB in the Inverted Classroom’, Proceedings of 119th ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, San Antonio, TX. http://dx.doi.org/10.18260/1-2--21640
Touchton, M. (2015) ‘Flipping the classroom and student performance in advanced statistics: Evidence from a quasi-experiment statistic’, Journal of Political Science Education, Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 28–44. https://doi.org/10.1080/15512169.2014.985105
Tune, J. D., Sturek, M., and Basile, D. P. (2013) ‘Flipped classroom model improves graduate student performance in cardiovascular, respiratory, and renal physiology’, American Journal of Physiology - Advances in Physiology Education, Vol. 37, No. 4, pp. 316–320. https://doi.org/10.1152/advan.00091.2013
Wells, P., de Lange, P. A., and Fieger, P. (2008) ‘Integrating a virtual learning environment into a second-year accounting course: determinants of overall student perception’, Accounting & Finance, Vol. 48, No. 3, pp. 503–518. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-629X.2007.00249.x
Wiginton, B. L. (2013) Flipped Instruction: an investigation into the effect of learning environment on student self-efficacy, learning style, and academic achievement in an Algebra classroom, [Doctoral Thesis], Tuscaloosa, AL: The University of Alabama.
Yestrebsky, C. L. (2014) ‘Flipping the classroom in a large chemistry class-research university environment’, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, Vol. 191, pp. 1113 – 1118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.04.370
Yough, M., Merzdorf, H. E., Fedesco, H. M., and Cho, H. J. (2017) ‘Flipping the classroom in teacher education: Implications for motivation and learning’, Journal of Teacher Education, Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022487117742885
Additional Files
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 İbrahim Yaşar Kazu, Cemre Kurtoğlu Yalçin
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors declare with this manuscript intended for publication to ERIES Journal that:
- all co-authors agree with the publication of the manuscript even after amendments arising from peer review;
- all co-authors agree with the posting of the full text of this work on the web page of ERIES Journal and to the inclusion of references in databases accessible on the internet;
- no results of other researchers were used in the submitted manuscript without their consent, proper citation, or acknowledgement of their cooperation or material provided;
- the results (or any part of them) used in the manuscript have not been sent for publication to any other journal nor have they already been published (or if so, that the relevant works are cited in this manuscript);
- submission of the manuscript for publication was completed in accordance with the publishing regulations pertaining to place of work;
- experiments performed comply with current laws and written consent of the Scientific Ethics Committee / National Animal Care Authority (as is mentioned in the manuscript submitted);
- grant holders confirm that they have been informed of the submitted manuscript and they agree to its publication.
Authors retain copyright and grant ERIES Journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the published work with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in ERIES Journal. Moreover, authors are able to post the published work in an institutional repository with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in ERIES Journal. In addition, authors are permitted and encouraged to post the published work online (e.g. institutional repositories or on their website) as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.