How do Studies at the University Help Prospective Physical Education Teachers form Their Professional Identity?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7160/eriesj.2022.150404Keywords:
Academic motivation, Professional identity, Self-efficacy, Social Cognitive Career Theory, Study satisfaction, Teacher educationAbstract
This study examines the expression of self-efficacy, academic motivation, study satisfaction of prospective physical education teachers in different years of study, their interrelationships and intends to explain how studies help prospective physical education teachers shape their professional identities. A questionnaire survey was administered to 783 1st to 4th year undergraduate physical education students from four Lithuanian universities. The year of study did not affect changes in students’ self-efficacy expectations and intrinsic academic motivation, which may mean that such professional identity indicators are less affected by contextual factors. The correlations among the analysed variables showed that the quality of teaching, clear goals, and the maintenance of autonomy are essential components of the academic environment in order to strengthen the prospective PE teacher’s professional identity. The results of the study may encourage physical education teacher educators’ deeper analysis of the ongoing feedback on student satisfaction with their studies as an emotional PI indicator.
References
Amaral-Da-Cunha, M. A., Batista, P. and Graça, A. (2014) ‘Pre-service physical education teachers’ discourses on learning how to become a teacher: [Re]Constructing a professional identity based on visual evidence’, The Open Sports Sciences Journal, Vol. 7, pp. 141–171. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1875399X01407010141
Amos, P. I. and Hassan, Z. (2017) ‘Quality of Teaching and its Influence on Student Satisfaction and Intention to Continue with Institution,’ International Journal of Education, Learning and Training, Vol. 2, No.1. https://doi.org/10.24924/ijelt/2017.04/v2.iss1/1.11
Areńska, A., Tomik, R., Berber, S., Düz, B., Çivak, B., Çalişkan, U. and Ogrodnik, J. (2016) ‘A comparison of physical education students’ motivation using Polish and Turkish version of the academic motivation scale’, Journal of Human Kinetic, Vol. 54, No. 1, pp. 207–218. https://doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2016-0046
Arslantas, S. (2021) ‘An Investigation of Preservice Teachers’ Academic Self-Efficacy and Academic Motivation’, International Journal of Modern Education Studies, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 146–167. http://dx.doi.org/10.51383/ijonmes.2021.95
Arvaja, M. (2016) ‘Building teacher identity through the process of positioning’, Teaching and Teacher Education, Vol. 59, pp. 392–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2016.07.024
Azila-Gbettor, E. M, Mensah, Ch., Abiemo, M. K. and Bokor, M. (2021) ‘Predicting student engagement from self-efficacy and autonomous motivation: A cross-sectional study’, Cogent Education, Vol. 8, No. 1, 1942638. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2021.1942638
Bandura, A. (1977) ‘Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioural change’, Psychological Review, Vol. 84, No. 2, pp. 191–215. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191
Bandura, A. (1997) Self-efficacy: The exercise of control, Washington: W. H. Freeman, Times Books, Henry Holt & Co.
Bandura, A. (2006) ‘Guide for constructing self-efficacy scales’, in Pajares, F and T. Urdan, T. (ed.) Self-efficacy beliefs of adolescents, pp. 307–337, Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing.
Barber, W., Walters, W., Chartier, P. and Temertzoglou, C. (2020) ‘Examining self-confidence and self-perceived competence in Canadian pre-service teachers (PSTs): The role of biographies in physical education teacher education (PETE)’, Sport, Education and Society, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp. 347–360. https://doi.org/10.1080/13573322.2020.1844649
Barkoukis, V., Tsorbatzoudis, H., Grouios, G. and Sideridis, G. (2008) ‘The assessment of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and amotivation: Validity and reliability of the Greek version of the Academic Motivation Scale’, Assessment in Education: Principles Policy & Practice, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 39–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/09695940701876128
Behr, A., Giese, M., Teguim Kamdjou, H. D. and Theune, K. (2021) ‘Motives for dropping out from higher education – An analysis of bachelor’s degree students in Germany’, European Journal of Education, Vol. 56, No. 2, pp. 325–343. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejed.12433
Beltman, S., Glass, C., Dinham, J., Chalk, B. and Nguyen, B. H. N. (2015) ‘Drawing identity: Beginning pre-service teachers’ professional identities’, Issues in Educational Research, Vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 225–245. http://www.iier.org.au/iier25/beltman.html
Betz, N. E. (2007) ‘Career self-efficacy: Exemplary recent research and emerging directions’, Journal of Career Assessment, Vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 403–422. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072707305759
Byrne, M. and Flood, B. (2003) ‘Assessing the teaching quality of accounting Programmes: an evaluation of the Course Experience Questionnaire’, Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education, Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 135–145. https://doi.org/10.1080/02602930301668
Brouse, C. H., Basch, C. E., LeBlanc, M., McKnight, K. R. and Lei, T. (2010) ‘College students’ academic motivation: differences by gender, class, and source of payment’, College Quarterly, Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 1–10.
Bümen, N. T. and Özaydin, E. T. (2013) ‘Changes on teacher self-efficacy and attitudes towards teaching profession from candidacy to induction’, Education and Science, Vol. 38, No. 169, pp. 109–125.
Casanova, J. R., Gomes, C. M. A., Bernardo, A. B., Núñez, J. C. and Almeida, L. S. (2021) ‘Dimensionality and reliability of a screening instrument for students at-risk of dropping out from higher education’, Studies in Educational Evaluation, Vol. 68, 100957. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stueduc.2020.100957
Castañeda, J. A. F. (2011) Teacher identity construction: exploring the nature of becoming a primary school language teacher [Doctoral dissertation], Newcastle: Newcastle university.
Castro-Lopez, A., Cervero, A., Galve-González, C., Puente, J. and Bernardo, A. B. (2022) ‘Evaluating critical success factors in the permanence in Higher Education using multi-criteria decision-making’, Higher Education Research & Development, Vol. 41, No. 3, pp. 628–646. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2021.1877631
Chan, D. W. (2008) ‘Emotional intelligence, self-efficacy, and coping among Chinese prospective and in-service teachers in Hong Kong’, Educational Psychology, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp. 397–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01443410701668372
Chowdhury, M., S. and Shahabuddin, A. M. (2007) ‘Self-efficacy, motivation and their relationship to academic performance of Bangladesh college students’, College Quarterly, Vol. 10, No.1, pp. 1–9.
Conklin, A. M., Dahling, J. J. and Garcia, P. A. (2013) ‘Linking affective commitment, career self-efficacy, and outcome expectations: A test of Social Cognitive Career Theory’, Journal of Career Development, Vol. 40, No. 1, pp. 68–83. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894845311423534
Cocca, M. and Cocca, A. (2021) ‘Testing a Four-factor Model for the Teachers’ Sense of Efficacy Scale: An updated Perspective on Teachers’ Perceived Classroom Efficacy’, Psicología Educativa, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp. 39–46. https://doi.org/10.5093/psed2021a3
Davis, L. (2020) ‘Faculty beliefs concerning the preparation of physical education teacher education students for appropriate practices’, The Physical Educator, Vol. 77, pp. 42–58. https://doi.org/10.18666/TPE-2020-V77-I1-9386
Duchatelet, D. and Donche, V. (2019) ‘Fostering self-efficacy and self-regulation in higher education: A matter of autonomy support or academic motivation?’, Higher Education Research & Development, Vol. 38, No. 4, pp. 733–747. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2019.1581143
Ekin, S., Yetkin, R. and Öztürk, S. Y. (2021). ‘A Comparative study of career motivations and perceptions of student teachers’, Turkish Studies - Education, Vol. 16 No. 1, pp. 505–516. https://dx.doi.org/10.47423/TurkishStudies.47210
Ferry, M. (2018) ‘Physical education preservice teachers’ perceptions of the subject and profession: Development during 2005–2016’, Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, Vol. 23, No. 4, pp. 358–370. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2018.1441392
García-Martínez, I. and Tadeu, P. (2018) ‘The influence of pedagogical leadership on the construction of professional identity. Systematic review’, Journal of Social Studies Education Research, Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 145–162. https://doi.org/10.17499/jsser.90982
Goegan, L. D. and Daniels, L. M. (2021) ‘Academic Success for Students in Postsecondary Education: The Role of Student Characteristics and Integration’, Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice, Vol. 23, No. 3, pp. 659–685. https://doi.org/10.1177/1521025119866689
González-Calvo, G., Gerdin, G., Philpot, R. and Hortigüela-Alcalá, D. (2021) ‘Wanting to become PE teachers in Spain: connections between previous experiences and particular beliefs about school physical education and the development of professional teacher identities’, Sport, Education and Society, Vol. 26, No. 8, pp 931–944. https://doi.org/10.1080/13573322.2020.1812563
Guo, J. P., Yang, L.Y., Zhang, J. and Gan, Y. J. (2022) ‘Academic self-concept, perceptions of the learning environment, engagement, and learning outcomes of university students: relationships and causal ordering’, Higher Education, Vol. 83, No. 4, pp. 809–828. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-021-00705-8
Hahl, K. and Mikulec, E. (2018) ‘Student reflections on teacher identity development in a year-long secondary teacher preparation program’, Australian Journal of Teacher Education, Vol. 43, No. 12, pp. 42–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.14221/ajte.2018v43n12.4
Haynes, J., Miller, J. and Varea, V. (2016) ‘Preservice generalist teachers enlightened approach to teaching PE through teacher biography’, Australian Journal of Education, Vol. 41, No. 3, pp. 21–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.14221/ajte.2016v41n3.2
Hakan, K. and Münire, E. (2014) ‘Academic motivation: Gender, domain and grade differences’, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, Vol. 143, pp. 708–715. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.07.469
Herold, F. A. and Waring, M. (2011) ‘“So much to learn, so little time…: Pre-service physical education teachers’ interpretations and development of subject knowledge as they learn to teach”’, Evaluation and Research in Education, Vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 61–77. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500790.2010.526203
Horgan, K. and Gardiner-Hyland, F. (2019)’Irish student teachers’ beliefs about self, learning and teaching: a longitudinal study’, European Journal of Teacher Education, Vol. 42, No. 2, pp. 151–174. https://doi.org/10.1080/02619768.2019.1576625
Howard, J. L., Bureau, J., Guay, F., Chong, J. X. Y. and Ryan, R. M. (2021) ‘Student motivation and associated outcomes: A meta-analysis from self-determination theory’, Perspectives on Psychological Science, Vol. 16, No. 6, pp. 1300–1323. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691620966789
Kairys, A., Liniauskaitė, A., Brazdeikienė, I., Baškevičius, L., Čepienė, R., Mažeikaitė-Gylienė, Ž., Rugelevičius, M., Žakaitienė, A. and Žakaitis, P. (2017) ‘Studentų akademinės motyvacijos skalės (SAMS-21) struktūra’, Psichologija, Vol. 55, pp. 41–55. https://doi.org/10.15388/Psichol.2017.55.10735
Keating, X. D., Zhou, K., Liu, J., Shangguan, R., Fan, Y. and Harrison, L. (2017) ‘Research on preservice physical education teachers’ and preservice elementary teachers’ physical education identities: A systematic review’, Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, Vol. 36, No. 2, pp. 162–172. https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.2016-0128
Kelly, N., Cespedes, M., Clarà, M. and Danaher, P. A. (2019) ‘Early career teachers’ intentions to leave the profession: The complex relationships among preservice education, early career support, and job satisfaction’, Australian Journal of Teacher Education, Vol. 44, No. 3, pp. 93–113. https://dx.doi.org/10.14221/ajte.2018v44n3.6
Kim, M. and Tanis, C. J. (2022) ‘South Korean student-athlete academic satisfaction and future employment: an exploratory study’, Journal for the Study of Sports and Athletes in Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/19357397.2022.2060702
Kim, J., Youngs, P. and Frank, K. (2017). ‘Burnout Contagion: Is it Due to Early Career Teachers’ Social Networks or Organizational Exposure?’, Teaching and Teacher Education, Vol. 66, pp. 250–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2017.04.017
Koludrović, M. and Ercegovac, I. R. (2014) ‘Academic motivation in the context of self-determination theory in initial teacher education’, Croatian Journal of Education, Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 25–36. https://doi.org/10.15516/cje.v17i0.1488
König, J., Rothland, M., Tachtsoglou, S. and Klemenz, S. (2016) ‘Comparing the Change of Teaching Motivations among PreserviceTeachers in Austria, Germany, and Switzerland: Do In-school Learning Opportunities Matter?’, International Journal of Higher Education, Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 91–103. https://doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v5n3p91
Kuhn, F., Andrade, A., Duek, V. P., Backes, A. F., Costa, M. da L. and Ramos, V. (2020) ‘Contribution of a physical education undergraduate program in the teaching self-efficacy beliefs’, Journal of Physical Education, Vol. 31, No 1, e-3147. https://doi.org/10.4025/jphyseduc.v31i1.3147
Lazarides, R. and Warner, L. M. (2020) Teacher Self-Efficacy, USA: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190264093.013.890
Leeferink, H., Koopman, M., Beijaard, D. and Shellings, G. L. M. (2019) ‘Overarching professional identity themes in student teacher workplace learning’, Teachers and Teaching, Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 69–89. https://doi.org/10.1080/13540602.2018.1527762
Lent, R. W, Brown, S. D. and Hackett, G. (1994) ‘Toward a unifying social cognitive theory of career and academic interest, choice, and performance’, Journal of Vocational Behavior, Vol. 45, No. 1, pp. 79–122. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.1994.1027
Lent, R. W. (2013) ‘Social cognitive career theory’, in Brown, S. D. and Lent, R. W. (eds.), Career development and counseling: Putting theory and research to work, pp. 115–146, Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
Lent, R. W. and Brown S. D. (2006) ‘On conceptualizing and assessing social cognitive constructs in career research: A measurement guide’, Journal of Career Assessment, Vol. 14, pp. 12–35, https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072705281364
Lent, R. W., Morris, T. R., Penn, L. T. and Ireland, G. W. (2019) ‘Social–cognitive predictors of career exploration and decision-making: Longitudinal test of the career self-management model’, Journal of Counseling Psychology, Vol. 66, No. 2, pp. 184–194. https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000307
Luszczynska, A., Scholtz, U. and Schwarzer, R. (2005) ‘The General Self-Efficacy Scale: Multicultural validation studies’, The Journal of Psychology, Vol. 139, No. 5, pp. 439–457. https://doi.org/10.3200/JRLP.139.5.439-457
Maddux, J. E. (2017) ‘Measure of general self-efficacy’, in Zeigler-Hill, V. and Shackelford, T. (ed.) Encyclopedia of personality and individual differences, New York: Springer, pp. 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28099-8_57-1
Mäkelä, K. and Whipp, P. R. (2015) ‘Career intention of Australian physical education teachers’, European Physical Education Review, Vol. 21, No. 4, pp. 504–520. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356336X15584088
Mansfield, C., Beltman, S. and Price, A. (2014) ‘‘I’m coming back again!’ The resilience process of early career teachers’, Teachers and Teaching: Theory and practice, Vol. 20, No. 5, pp. 547–567. https://doi.org/10.1080/13540602.2014.937958
Matanin, M. and Collier, C. (2003) ‘Longitudinal analysis of preservice teachers’ beliefs about teaching physical education’, Journal of teaching in education, Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 153–168. https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.22.2.153
McInnis, C., Griffin, P., James, R. and Coates, H. (2001) Development of the Course Experience Questionnaire (CEQ), Melbourne: Higher Education Division, Department of Education, Training and Youth Affairs.
Mclennan, B., Perera, H. and McIlveen, P. (2017) ‘Pre-service teachers’ self-efficacy mediates the relationship between career adaptability and career optimism’, Teaching and Teacher Education, Vol. 63, pp. 176–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2016.12.022
Naylor, R., Bird, F. L. and Butler, N. E. (2021) ‘Academic expectations among university students and staff: addressing the role of psychological contracts and social norms’, Higher Education, Vol. 82, No. 5, pp. 847–863. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-020-00668-2
Nickel, J. and Zimmer, J. (2018) ‘Professional identity in graduating teacher candidates’, Teaching Education, Vol. 30, No. 2, pp. 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/10476210.2018.1454898
Pajares, E. (2002) Overview of social cognitive theory and self-efficacy, [Online], Available at: http://www.uky.edu/~eushe2/Pajares/eff.html [12 Dec 2019].
Pérez Gracia, E., Serrano Rodríguez, R. and Pontes Pedrajas, A. (2022) ‘Teachers’ Professional Identity Construction: A review of the literature’, Profesorado, Revista De Currículum Y Formación Del Profesorado, Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 371–393. https://doi.org/10.30827/profesorado.v26i1.13211
Porfeli, E. J. and Lee, B. (2012) ‘Career development during childhood and adolescence’, New directions for student leadership, Vol. 2012, No. 134, pp. 11–22. https://doi.org/10.1002/yd.20011
Ramsden, P. (1991) ‘A performance indicator of teaching quality in higher education: The Course Experience Questionnaire’, Studies in Higher Education, Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 129–150. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079112331382944
Richardson, P. W. and Watt, H. M. G. (2018) ‘Teacher Professional Identity and Career Motivation: A Lifespan Perspective’, in Schutz, P., Hong, J., Cross Francis, D. (eds.), Research on Teacher Identity, pp. 37–48, Cham: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93836-3_4
Ryan, R. M. and Deci, E. L. (2000) ‘Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: classic definitions and new directions’, Contemporary Education Psychology, Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 54–67. https://doi.org/10.1006/ceps.1999.1020
Ryan, R. M. and Deci, E. L. (2017) Self-determination theory: Basic psychological needs in motivation, development, and wellness, New York: Guilford Press. https://doi.org/10.1521/978.14625/28806
Ryan, R. M. and Deci, E. L. (2020) ‘Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation from a self-determination theory perspective: Definitions, theory, practices, and future directions’, Contemporary Educational Psychology, Vol. 61, 101860. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2020.101860
Rots, I. and Aelterman, A. (2009) ‘Teacher education graduates’ entrance into the teaching profession: Development and test of a model’, European Journal of Psychology of Education, Vol. 4, pp. 453–471. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03178761
Schwarzer, R. (1993) Measurement of perceived self-efficacy: Psychometric scales for cross-cultural research, Berlin: Freie Universität.
Schwarzer, R. and Jerusalem, M. (1995) ‘Generalized Self-Efficacy scale’, in Weinman, J., Wright, S. and Johnston, M. (eds.) Measures in health psychology: A user’s portfolio. Causal and control beliefs, pp. 35–37, Windsor: NFER-Nelson.
Shaafer, I. and Clandinin, D. J. (2019) ‘Sustaining teachers’ stories to live by: implications for teacher education’, Teachers and Teaching, Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 54–68. https://doi.org/10.1080/13540602.2018.1532407
Sinclaire, J. K. (2014) ‘An empirical investigation of student satisfaction with college courses’, Research in Higher Education, Vol. 22, pp. 1–21.
Sivrikaya, A. H. (2019) ‘The Relationship between Academic Motivation and Academic Achievement of the Students’, Asian Journal of Education and Training, Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 309–315.
Šnýdrová, M., Depoo L. and Šnýdrová, I. (2021) ‘How University Graduation Shapes Attitudes Toward Employment in Different Generations Operating at Job Market?’, Journal on Efficiency and Responsibility in Education and Science, Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 143–153. https://doi.org/10.7160/eriesj.2021.140302
Spittle, M., Jackson, K. and Casey, M. (2009) ‘Applying self-determination theory on understand the motivation for becoming a physical education teacher’, Teaching and Teacher Education, Vol. 25, pp. 190–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2008.07.005
Spittle, S. and Spittle, M. (2014) ‘The reasons and motivation for pre-service teachers choosing to specialise in primary physical education teacher education’, Australian Journal of Teacher Education, Vol. 39, No. 5, pp. 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.14221/ajte.2014v39n5.5
Stergiou, D. P. and Airey, D. (2012) ‘Using the Course Experience Questionnaire for evaluating undergraduate tourism management courses in Greece’, The Journal of Hospitality Leisure Sport and Tourism, Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 41–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhlste.2012.02.002
Tomlinson, M. and Jackson, D. (2021) ‘Professional identity formation in contemporary higher education students’, Studies in Higher Education, Vol. 46, No. 4, pp. 885–900. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2019.1659763
Tschannen-Moran, M., Woolfolk Hoy, A. and Hoy, W. K. (1998) ‘Teacher Efficacy: Its Meaning and Measure’, Review of Educational Research, Vol. 68, No. 2, pp. 202–248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/00346543068002202
Urbanavičiūtė, I. (2009) The Internal and External Factors of Vocational Path Choice [Summary of the Doctoral Dissertation], Vilnius: Vilnius university.
Vallerand, R. J., Pelletier, L. G., Blais, M. R, Brière, N. M., Senecal, C. and Valleres, E. F. (1992) ‘The Academic Motivation Scale: A measure of intrinsic, extrinsic, and amotivation in education’, Education and Psychological Measurement, Vol. 52, No. 4, pp. 1003–1017. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164492052004025
van Rooij, E. C. M., Fokkens-Bruinsma, M. and Goedhart, M. (2019) ‘Preparing science undergraduates for a teaching career: Sources of their teacher self-efficacy’, The Teacher Educator, Vol. 54, No. 3, pp. 270–294. https://doi.org/10.1080/08878730.2019.1606374
van Rooij, E. C. M., Jansen, E. P. W. A. and van de Grift, W. J. C. M. (2018) ‘First-year university students’ academic success: the importance of academic adjustment’, European Journal of Psychology of Education, Vol. 33, No. 4, pp. 749–767. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10212-017-0347-8
Wilkesmann, U., Fischer, F. and Virgilito, A. (2012) Academic motivation of students – the German case. Discussion papers des Zentrums für Hochschulbildung technische Universität Dortmund. [Online], Available at: https://eldorado.tu-dortmund.de/bitstream/2003/29393/1/paper%2002-2012.pdf [10 Jul 2018]
Wilkins-Yel, K. G., Roach, C. M., Tracey, T. J. and Yel, N. (2018) ‘The effects of career adaptability on intended academic persistence: The mediating role of academic satisfaction’, Journal of Vocational Behavior, Vol. 108, pp. 67–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2018.06.006
Williams, D. M. and Rhodes, R. E. (2016) ‘The confounded self-efficacy construct: Conceptual analysis and recommendations for future research’, Health Psychology Review, Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 113–128. https://doi.org/10.1080/17437199.2014.941998
Wu, H., Li, S., Zheng, J. and Guo, J. (2020) ‘Medical students’ motivation and academic performance: The mediating roles of self-efficacy and learning engagement’, Medical Education Online, Vol. 25, No. 1, 1742964. https://doi.org/10.1080/10872981.2020.174296
Additional Files
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Sniegina Poteliūnienė, Diana Karanauskienė, Vytė Kontautienė, Lauras Grajauskas
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors declare with this manuscript intended for publication to ERIES Journal that:
- all co-authors agree with the publication of the manuscript even after amendments arising from peer review;
- all co-authors agree with the posting of the full text of this work on the web page of ERIES Journal and to the inclusion of references in databases accessible on the internet;
- no results of other researchers were used in the submitted manuscript without their consent, proper citation, or acknowledgement of their cooperation or material provided;
- the results (or any part of them) used in the manuscript have not been sent for publication to any other journal nor have they already been published (or if so, that the relevant works are cited in this manuscript);
- submission of the manuscript for publication was completed in accordance with the publishing regulations pertaining to place of work;
- experiments performed comply with current laws and written consent of the Scientific Ethics Committee / National Animal Care Authority (as is mentioned in the manuscript submitted);
- grant holders confirm that they have been informed of the submitted manuscript and they agree to its publication.
Authors retain copyright and grant ERIES Journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the published work with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in ERIES Journal. Moreover, authors are able to post the published work in an institutional repository with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in ERIES Journal. In addition, authors are permitted and encouraged to post the published work online (e.g. institutional repositories or on their website) as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.